Land Revolution Series (1) Attended the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Introduction: "With the perseverance of charity and the dedication of welfare to the people", Premier Zhou Enlai's life series stories: Facing the Wall for Ten Years and Breaking the Wall - The Story of Zhou Enlai during the Land Revolution

Episode 1: Attending the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

In late October 1927, after arriving in Hong Kong, Zhou Enlai settled down in a hidden place on Guangdong Road in Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon, and was publicly known as a businessman surnamed Li. At first, his condition was still very serious. Under the torment of malignant malaria, he constantly had high fever and was in a coma. The party organization invited doctors to diagnose and treat Zhou Enlai, and also sent a comrade trained as a nurse to take care of him. Half a month later, his condition began to improve. Just as Zhou Enlai regained his health, he immediately engaged in a new struggle.

On November 9th and 10th, the expanded meeting of the Politburo of the Interim Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was held in Shanghai, and Zhou Enlai attended the meeting. The meeting discussed the nature of the Chinese revolution. At that time, the representative of the Communist International in China called for widespread urban riots in various regions, making cities the center of the Chinese revolution. This proposition completely denies the fact that the Chinese revolution was in a low tide. At that time, the new warlords of the Kuomintang had already ruled China, and the revolutionary forces in various regions had been severely devastated. The number of Communist Party members had decreased from 60000 to over 10000. Ignoring the objective conditions of the enemy's strength and our weakness, blindly launching uprisings in cities could only cause greater damage to the Chinese revolution.

At this meeting, Zhou Enlai and others who led the Nanchang Uprising were accused of implementing "opportunistic old policies", and all members of the former committee with Zhou Enlai as secretary were given a "warning" punishment. But Zhou Enlai's talent was recognized, and shortly after this meeting, he was appointed as the director of the Organization Bureau, responsible for the daily work of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

What path did the Chinese revolution take? Zhou Enlai pondered seriously. Due to his emphasis on practicality, he soon realized that military adventures not only failed to make the revolution successful, but would only bring greater losses to the revolution.

In order to save the dangerous situation, Zhou Enlai made great efforts within his work authority. After the Zhejiang Provincial Committee proposed the riot plan, Zhou Enlai explained in a letter to the Zhejiang Provincial Committee that the riot plan was too unrealistic to approve. He proposed that the focus of the work of the Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee is to strive to restore the organization of the Party and the workers and peasants, and to develop rural guerrilla warfare and daily struggles of urban workers. Only by mobilizing mass struggle can it develop into a situation of riots. When criticizing the adventurist tendency of the Youth League to "never riot", he pointed out that conducting risky "experiments" is a desperate mistake and carries the risk of sacrificing many comrades.

How to preserve the revolutionary force after the failure of the uprising and organize that force to continue the struggle? Zhou Enlai also did a lot of work. He Long also came to Shanghai after the failure of the uprising. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China originally wanted him to study military science in the Soviet Union, but He Long requested approval from the central government to return to his hometown in Xiangxi to rebuild the armed forces. The representative of the Communist International did not agree to He Long's request. Zhou Enlai made efforts to persuade the central government and approved He Long to launch armed struggle on the Hunan Hubei border. Before He Long left, Zhou Enlai specially invited him to have a meal and encouraged him to rely on and mobilize the masses to rebuild the revolutionary army of workers and peasants, carry out armed struggle, and put forward the policy of "building the army on the mountains and then developing towards the plains". Later on, He Long did not disappoint Zhou Enlai's high expectations. With his wit, bravery, and great reputation in his hometown, he quickly opened up the situation, established the Red Army and base areas, sowed the seeds of revolution in his hometown, and opened up the Hunan Hubei Western Soviet Area.

After breaking up with Zhu De and Chen Yi at Sanhe Dam, Zhou Enlai was very concerned about the rebel army they led. At the Central Standing Committee meeting, Zhou Enlai pointed out his support for them to stay in Hunan to carry out armed struggle, establish contact with Mao Zedong, and jointly create a situation of armed separatism.

Zhou Enlai's efforts made important contributions to reorganizing revolutionary forces after the failure of the Great Revolution, opening up revolutionary bases in rural areas, and developing and strengthening the Red Army.

The development of the Chinese revolutionary situation urgently requires the CPC to sum up the past experience and lessons and formulate new revolutionary policies. Therefore, the Party has decided to convene the Sixth National Congress. Holding such a meeting requires ample time and a stable environment. But under the White Terror rule of the Kuomintang, China lacked such conditions domestically. So the Sixth National Congress of the CPC decided to hold it in Moscow, the Soviet Union.

In April 1928, the CPC Central Committee decided that Zhou Enlai would go to Moscow to prepare for and attend the Sixth National Congress of the CPC. In early May, Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao disguised themselves as a pair of antique merchants and boarded a Japanese ship from Shanghai to Dalian, then passed through Changchun, Jilin, and Harbin, and transferred from Manzhouli to Moscow.

On the way to Moscow, an unexpected encounter occurred. Zhou Enlai calmly and cleverly dealt with it, calmly turning danger into safety and leaving behind a very interesting story. Deng Yingchao recalled:

When the ship docked at Dalian Port and we were about to disembark, several people from the Japanese Water Police Station stationed in Dalian came up to interrogate us. First of all, what does Comrade Enlai do? He answered that he is in the antique business, but in reality, there is not a single antique in the box we carry. We asked why you buy so many newspapers when doing business again, and we said that you can take a look when you have nothing to do on the ship. Where did they ask again? Answer: Go to Jilin. What are you asking about Northeast China? Answer: Go see your uncle. They immediately asked Comrade Enlai to accompany them to the Water Police Department. There, they asked Comrade Enlai in detail about his date of birth, education level, occupation, etc. When asked about your uncle's surname and name? Answer: His surname is Zhou and his name is Manqing. Ask him what he does for a living? Answer: I work as a clerk in the Finance Department of the provincial government. They asked your uncle's surname is Zhou, why do you have the surname Wang? Comrade Enlai said: In China, there is a difference between uncles and aunts, and surnames are not consistent. Unlike foreigners, uncles and aunts are called uncle. Therefore, my uncle's surname is Zhou and my surname is Wang. The other party also said, 'I see that your surname is not Wang, but Zhou. You are not in the antique business, you are a soldier.'. Enlai reached out and said, 'Do you think I look like a soldier?'? They carefully examined Zhou Enlai's hands, which did not resemble those of soldiers, and then opened the drawer to look at the cards. To En, you are Zhou Enlai. Enlai asked them again, what basis do you have to say that I am Zhou Enlai? My surname is Wang, and my name is Wang. Their series of inquiries were answered calmly by Comrade Enlai. Why do they suspect Zhou Enlai? It may be related to his employment at the Huangpu Military Academy, with a card. "

About two hours later, Zhou Enlai returned to Deng Yingchao's side, showing a calm and composed demeanor. Entering the hotel room, Zhou Enlai immediately whispered to Deng Yingchao, "Where are the documents we need to go to meet? We need to burn them quickly." Deng Yingchao immediately found the documents, tore them up in the bathroom, and threw them into the toilet. Then, they went downstairs to the restaurant with a smile and a smile.

In the afternoon of that day, Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao left Dalian and took a train to Changchun. On the train, Zhou Enlai and the others were once again tracked by the enemy. Deng Yingchao recalled the scene at that time:

After getting on the bus, we found that the passenger sitting across from us was Japanese. He chatted with us in Chinese and we also chatted with him. At that time, we had already realized that he was following us. When we got off at Changchun Station, he took out his business card and gave it to Enlai. Japanese people have the custom of exchanging business cards. Enlai should respond immediately. Generally, business cards are kept in small pockets of suits, but in reality, we don't have them. Enlai pretended to be looking for them, "Oh! My business card is not in my pocket, it's still in the box! I'm very sorry. He made a gesture to retrieve it, but the other party said it was not necessary, it was not necessary anymore. Finally, he managed to deal with it

After arriving in Changchun, in order to avoid enemy pursuit, Zhou Enlai immediately shaved off his beard, took off his suit, and put on a long robe and vest after checking into the hotel. From Changchun, they took a bus to Jilin. Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao left Jilin and arrived in Harbin one after another. However, due to the destruction of their contact documents, they were unable to establish a relationship with the party organization and had to wait there. A few days later, Zhou Enlai waited for Li Lisan at the train station and established contact with the party. From there, they entered the Soviet Union and continued to take the train to Moscow.

On June 12, Stalin met with Zhou Enlai, Qu Qiubai, Li Lisan, Deng Zhongxia, Su Zhaozheng and other leaders of the CPC in a building in Moscow. Stalin discussed two issues. Firstly, he talked about the nature of the Chinese revolution, which is a bourgeois democratic revolution rather than a socialist revolution; The second point about the situation of the Chinese revolution is the low tide of the revolution, not the high tide of the revolution. Zhou Enlai agreed with Stalin's statement.

On June 18, the Sixth National Congress of the CPC opened in an old style manor on the outskirts of Moscow. 84 formal representatives and 34 alternate representatives attended the conference, representing over 40000 members of the Communist Party of China. Zhou Enlai served as a member of the Presidium and Secretary General of the conference.

Site of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China

The Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China elected a new Central Committee, and Zhou Enlai was re elected as a member of the Central Committee. Later, at the First Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, Secretary General of the Politburo Standing Committee, and Minister of the Organization Department of the Central Committee.

On July 11, Zhou Enlai delivered a speech at the closing ceremony of the Sixth National Congress of the CPC. He said: In order to seek revolutionary truth, the congress carried out criticism and self-criticism, found the correct path, and now has the correct route. After returning to China, every comrade should understand and implement it.

In early October 1928, Zhou Enlai left Moscow and returned to China. On the journey of the Chinese revolution, at the age of thirty, Zhou Enlai began a new fighting career.